Four cups.
One supper.
The unfinished Passover. A scholarly walk through what Jesus did at the table, in the garden, and on the cross — and why every detail mattered.
The fourth cup remains unfilled. That is the eschatological reservation.
The six chapters
Substance over showmanship. Citation transparency throughout.
- 01Read →The four cupsWhat they are, what they later signified~5 min
- 02Read →The Last SupperWhich cup is which~11 min
- 03Read →GethsemaneThe cup of divine wrath~11 min
- 04Read →The crossTetelestai, oxos, and hyssop~10 min
- 05Read →Dissenting voicesThe chronological problem~11 min
- 06Read →SynthesisA defensible position~8 min
Five interactives
Pedagogical, not decorative. Each interactive teaches what the prose argues.
The Cupbearer
The Old Testament cupbearer presents the cup of life to the king. Christ inverts the pattern: he receives the cup of wrath from the King and drinks it for his people. Every cupbearer in Scripture — Joseph's, Solomon's, Nehemiah's, Rabshakeh as foil — anticipates the True Cupbearer who is himself the cup-drinker.
Read the companion study →What survives every methodological correction
Christ is the Passover lamb. His blood ratifies the new covenant. His cup of wrath is drunk in our place. His finished work stands eternally finished. And his fourth cup awaits us — drunk new with him, with his Bride, in his Father's kingdom.
Sursum corda.